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the conclusion of the process of an application Developmental considerations
of universal moral principles to the particular Frank Lake termed the first nine months of life
situation” (Chalmers, 2013, p. 151). He obser- the “Womb of the Spirit” and emphasizes the
ves that this increasingly complex consideration foundation of this stage to the sense of selfhood,
of conscience “enabled Scholastics to formulate identity, and personal status.
with greater precision their already existing un-
derstanding of how conscience could be linked
to the natural law, while at the same time be
potentially flawed in its operation” (Chalmers,
2013, p. 151). The Medievals appreciated the

fallibility of the conscience while also seeing it (insert Lake, Figure 3, attribution: Frank Lake,
“as the herald of God’s law, and so deserving of Clinical Theology, A Theological and Psychia-
the greatest respect. Indeed, for the Scholastics, tric Basis to Clinical Pastoral Care (Lexington,
it is its relationship to God and to the search for KY: Emeth Press, 2005), Volume 1, p. 140. Fig
the truth rooted in God that gives conscience 3. The Womb of the Spirit. (Used by permission
its very dignity and authority” (Chalmers, 2013, from the publisher)
pp. 296-297).

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